Thoothukudi District Profile
- Thoothukkudi district lies in the South eastern corner of Tamil Nadu.
- The District is bounded on the North by Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram district, by Bay of Bengal in the East, Tirunelveli District in the West and South West.
- The District lies between 8 º19'00”N and 9º 20'00”N Latitude, 77º 40'00” E and 78º 10’00”E Longitude and has an areal extent of 4621 sq.km.
- There are 12 Blocks, 403 Villages and 1740 Habitations in the District.
Physiography and Drainage
- Thoothukkudi district is one of the coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu.
- The drainage network in the District is constituted by the rivers originating in Western Ghats and Tamil Nadu uplands and flowing towards the Bay of Bengal.
- Few streams originate in the hillocks within the district and confluences directly with the sea.
- Vaippar and Karamaniyar are the major rivers draining the area which are ephemeral in nature.
- Tamiraparani is the major and perennial river in the district with a mature stage of development and on the way receives several important tributaries such as Karaiyar, Servalar, Manimuthar, Kadana, etc.,
Rainfall:
The average annual rainfall and the 5 years rainfall collected from IMD, Chennai is as follows:
Acutal Rainfall in mm | Normal Rainfall in mm | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
410.8 | 825.20 | 876.90 | 230.4 | 514.6 | 561.6 | 656.3 |
Geology:
Rock Type | Geological Formation | ||||
Hard Rock 73%, Sedimentary Rock 27% | Charnockite, Gneiss, Granite,Limestone, Sandstone, Alluvium,Sandy silt and Marine deposit |
Hydrogeology:
Type of Aquifer | Unconfined to Semi confined conditions | |
Aquifer parameters | Hard rock | Alluvial |
Well yield in lpm | 45 - 135 | 315 - 1080 |
Transmissivity (T)m2/day | 15 - 60 | 210 - 1500 |
Permeability (K)(m/day)) | 1 - 3 | 19 - 48 |
Depth of Water level | 5m to 20m | |
Sustainability:
With a view to enhancing the Sustainability of the drinking water sources, recharge structures are being implemented by TWAD Board under various State and Central Government assistance.
The Recharge Structures implemented so far is as under.
Recharge Structures | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Check Dam | Percolation Pond | Recharge Pit | Recharge Trench | Others | Ooranies | Defunct Bore well Recharge | Recharge Shaft | Rooftop RWH | Hydro Fracturing | Total |
102 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 50 | 174 |
Groundwater Potential as on March 2011 (as per CGWB):
Net Groundwater Availability (in MCM) | 544.56 |
Existing Gross Groundwater draft for all users (in MCM) | 235.36 |
Stage of Groundwater development (in %) | 43 % |
Categorization of District | Safe |
Categorization of Firkas:
The status of Categorization of Firkas as of March 2013 for the District is shown below.
Categorisation based on Extraction (as on March 2013) | No. of Firkas | Firkas |
---|---|---|
Over Exploited (>100%) | 3 | Ilayarasanendal, Pallakurichi, Sattankulam, Udangudi. |
Critical (90%-100%) | 1 | Parivallikottai |
Semi Critical (70%-90%) | 4 | Kadambur, Kayathar, Kovilpatti,Ottapidaram,Sathankulam. |
Safe (<70%) | 33 | Alwarthirunagari, Arumugamangalam, Authoor, Cholapuram, Deivaseyalpuram, Eppodumvendran, Ettayapuram, Kadaliyur, Kadalkudi, Kalugumalai, Kamanaickenpatti, Keelathattaparai, Kulathur, Maniyachi, Mudivaithanendal, Muthulapuram, Nallatinputhur, Padarnthapuli, Pasuvanthanai, Perungulam, Pudukottai(T), Pudur, Seidunganallur, Sivagnanapuram, Srivaikundam, Srivenkateswarapuram, Thoothukudi, Tiruchendur, Vallanad, Vedanatham, Vembar, Vilathikulam. |
Others (Poor& Saline) | - | |
Total | 41 |
Water supply status as on 1.4.2018
Rural Habitations
Total No. of Rural Habitations: 1740
Partially covered | 84 (10-39 lpcd ) |
Fully covered | 1656 (40 lpcd and above) |
Urban Towns ( Water supply status - 1.8.2019)
S.No | Name of Towns | Population | Present water supply level LPCD |
---|---|---|---|
Corporation | |||
1 | Thoothukudi | 237830 | 135 |
Municipalities | |||
1 | Kovilpatti | 95057 | 137 |
2 | Kayalpattinam | 40588 | 90 |
Town Panchayats | |||
1 | Alwarthirunagiri | 9289 | 70 |
2 | Arumuganeri | 27266 | 72 |
3 | Athur | 10138 | 78 |
4 | Eral | 9478 | 70 |
5 | Ettayapuram | 12772 | 58 |
6 | Kadambur | 4155 | 72 |
7 | Kalugumalai | 14738 | 67 |
8 | Kanam | 3134 | 70 |
9 | Kayatharu | 10400 | 63 |
10 | Nazerath | 16584 | 70 |
11 | Perungulam | 7203 | 73 |
12 | Sathankulam | 14193 | 73 |
13 | Sayapuram | 12792 | 77 |
14 | Srivaikuntam | 15847 | 70 |
15 | Thenthiruperai | 4934 | 70 |
16 | Tiruchendur | 32171 | 117 |
17 | Udangudi | 19738 | 71 |
18 | V. Pudur | 8891 | 45 |
19 | Vilathikulam | 15277 | 52 |
Ground Water Level:
The Ground Water levels from the 49 number of observation wells of TWAD have been analysed for Post-Monsoon and Pre-Monsoon. 5 years average Ground water level in m Below Ground Level for pre and post monsoon is as follows:
Jan |
May |
Jan |
May |
Jan |
May |
Jan |
May |
Jan |
May |
Jan 2018 |
May 2018 |
Jan 2019 |
May 2019 |
5 Years |
5Years |
5.90 |
8.49 |
7.50 |
8.98 |
4.23 |
6.36 |
2.68 |
5.56 |
8.15 |
11.3 |
5.6 | 7.9 | 5.5 | 9.8 |
5.6 |
8.3 |