Thoothukudi

Wednesday , 14th April 2021

State District Profile
Thoothukudi

State District profile

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Thoothukudi District Profile

Thoothukkudi district lies in the South eastern corner of Tamil Nadu.
The District is bounded on the North by Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram district, by Bay of Bengal in the East, Tirunelveli District in the West and South West.
The District lies between 8 º19'00”N and 9º 20'00”N Latitude, 77º 40'00” E and 78º 10’00”E Longitude and has an areal extent of 4621 sq.km.
There are 12 Blocks, 403 Villages and 1740 Habitations in the District.

Physiography and Drainage

Thoothukkudi district is one of the coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu.
The drainage network in the District is constituted by the rivers originating in Western Ghats and Tamil Nadu uplands and flowing towards the Bay of Bengal.
Few streams originate in the hillocks within the district and confluences directly with the sea.
Vaippar and Karamaniyar are the major rivers draining the area which are ephemeral in nature.
Tamiraparani is the major and perennial river in the district with a mature stage of development and on the way receives several important tributaries such as Karaiyar, Servalar, Manimuthar, Kadana, etc.,

Rainfall:

The average annual rainfall and the 5 years rainfall collected from IMD, Chennai is as follows:

Acutal Rainfall in mm						Normal Rainfall in mm
2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	Normal Rainfall in mm
410.8	825.20	876.90	230.4	514.6	561.6	656.3

Geology:

Rock Type			Geological Formation
Hard Rock 73%, Sedimentary Rock 27%			Charnockite, Gneiss, Granite,Limestone, Sandstone, Alluvium,Sandy silt and Marine deposit

Hydrogeology:

Type of Aquifer	Unconfined to Semi confined conditions
Aquifer parameters	Hard rock	Alluvial
Well yield in lpm	45 - 135	315 - 1080
Transmissivity (T)m2/day	15 - 60	210 - 1500
Permeability (K)(m/day))	1 - 3	19 - 48
Depth of Water level	5m to 20m

Sustainability:

With a view to enhancing the Sustainability of the drinking water sources, recharge structures are being implemented by TWAD Board under various State and Central Government assistance.

The Recharge Structures implemented so far is as under.

Recharge Structures
Check Dam	Percolation Pond	Recharge Pit	Recharge Trench	Others	Ooranies	Defunct Bore well Recharge	Recharge Shaft	Rooftop RWH	Hydro Fracturing	Total
102	10				7	5	50			174

Groundwater Potential as on March 2011 (as per CGWB):

Net Groundwater Availability (in MCM)	544.56
Existing Gross Groundwater draft for all users (in MCM)	235.36
Stage of Groundwater development (in %)	43 %
Categorization of District	Safe

Categorization of Firkas:

The status of Categorization of Firkas as of March 2013 for the District is shown below.

Categorisation based on Extraction (as on March 2013)	No. of Firkas	Firkas
Over Exploited (>100%)	3	Ilayarasanendal, Pallakurichi, Sattankulam, Udangudi.
Critical (90%-100%)	1	Parivallikottai
Semi Critical (70%-90%)	4	Kadambur, Kayathar, Kovilpatti,Ottapidaram,Sathankulam.
Safe (<70%)	33	Alwarthirunagari, Arumugamangalam, Authoor, Cholapuram, Deivaseyalpuram, Eppodumvendran, Ettayapuram, Kadaliyur, Kadalkudi, Kalugumalai, Kamanaickenpatti, Keelathattaparai, Kulathur, Maniyachi, Mudivaithanendal, Muthulapuram, Nallatinputhur, Padarnthapuli, Pasuvanthanai, Perungulam, Pudukottai(T), Pudur, Seidunganallur, Sivagnanapuram, Srivaikundam, Srivenkateswarapuram, Thoothukudi, Tiruchendur, Vallanad, Vedanatham, Vembar, Vilathikulam.
Others (Poor& Saline)	-
Total	41

Water supply status as on 1.4.2018

Rural Habitations

Total No. of Rural Habitations: 1740

Partially covered	84 (10-39 lpcd )
Fully covered	1656 (40 lpcd and above)

Urban Towns ( Water supply status - 1.8.2019)

S.No	Name of Towns	Population	Present water supply level LPCD
Corporation
1	Thoothukudi	237830	135
Municipalities
1	Kovilpatti	95057	137
2	Kayalpattinam	40588	90
Town Panchayats
1	Alwarthirunagiri	9289	70
2	Arumuganeri	27266	72
3	Athur	10138	78
4	Eral	9478	70
5	Ettayapuram	12772	58
6	Kadambur	4155	72
7	Kalugumalai	14738	67
8	Kanam	3134	70
9	Kayatharu	10400	63
10	Nazerath	16584	70
11	Perungulam	7203	73
12	Sathankulam	14193	73
13	Sayapuram	12792	77
14	Srivaikuntam	15847	70
15	Thenthiruperai	4934	70
16	Tiruchendur	32171	117
17	Udangudi	19738	71
18	V. Pudur	8891	45
19	Vilathikulam	15277	52

Ground Water Level:

The Ground Water levels from the 49 number of observation wells of TWAD have been analysed for Post-Monsoon and Pre-Monsoon. 5 years average Ground water level in m Below Ground Level for pre and post monsoon is as follows:

Jan 2013	May 2013	Jan 2014	May 2014	Jan 2015	May 2015	Jan 2016	May 2016	Jan 2017	May 2017	Jan 2018	May 2018	Jan 2019	May 2019	5 Years Pre Monsoon Average	5Years Post Monsoon Average
5.90	8.49	7.50	8.98	4.23	6.36	2.68	5.56	8.15	11.3	5.6	7.9	5.5	9.8	5.6	8.3