Villupuram | TWAD

Monday , 29th November 2021

State District Profile
Villupuram

State District profile

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Villupuram District Profile

Villuppuram district is bounded by Bay of Bengal in the east and the union Territory of Pondicherry in the southeast, Chengalpattu and Tiruvannamalai districts in the north, Cuddalore districts in the south and Kallakurichi districts in the west.
The District lies between 11º30’00’’ to 12º35’00’’ North Latitude, and 78º37’00’’ to 80º00’00’’ East Longitude and has an areal extent of 3,725 sq.km.

Physiography and Drainage

Villuppuram district can be divided into 3 classes’ viz., Hilly terrains, Plain terrain and coastal plains.
The hills are found in the North western part of the district and they are Ginjee hills falling under Ginjee taluks respectively.
Plain terrain occurs in the middle part of this district, while the coastal plains lie in the eastern part of the district in and around Marakanam and Vanur taluks.
The major rivers draining the district are Tondiar and Thenpennaiyar.

Geology:

Rock Type			Geological Formation
Hard Rock 60% Sedimentary Rock 40%			Charnockite, Granite, Gneiss, Limestone, Pegmatite, Laterite, Sandstone and Shale, Lignite and Alluvium

Rainfall:

The average annual rainfall and the 5 years rainfall collected from IMD, Chennai is as follows:

Acutal Rainfall in mm					Normal Rainfall in mm
2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
1370.79	563.67	1083.83	758.24	915.71		1040.0

Hydrogeology:

Type of Aquifer	Groundwater restricted to 60 to 80m depth in weathered fracture zones having secondary porosity.
Aquifer parameters	Alluvium	Tertiary	Hard rock
Well yield in lpm	2.5	2 - 3.3	>1 - 2
Transmissivity (T)m2/day	98	16 - 33	5 - 20
Specific capacity (lpm/md)	19.7	46 - 134	16 - 60
Permeability (K)(m/day))	2.08	78 - 173	27 - 224
Depth of Water level	4m to 14m

Ground Water Level:

The Ground Water levels from the 55 number of observation wells of TWAD have been analysed for Post-Monsoon and Pre-Monsoon. 5 years average Ground water level in m Below Ground Level for pre and post monsoon is as follows:

5 years average Groundwater level in m Below Ground Level for pre and post-monsoon is as follows:

Jan 2015	May 2015	Jan 2016	May 2016	Jan 2017	May 2017	Jan 2018	May 2018	Jan 2019	May 2019	5 Years Pre Monsoon Average	5Years Post Monsoon Average
3.94	4.6	2.01	6.4	9.3	10.1	5.4	13.8	8.7	13.6	9.71	5.87

Sustainability:

With a view to enhance the Sustainability of the drinking water sources, recharge structures are being implemented by TWAD Board under various State and Central Government assistances. The Recharge Structures implemented so far in district is as under.

The Recharge Structures implemented so far is as under.

Recharge Structures
Check Dam	Percolation Pond	Recharge Pit	Recharge Trench	Others	Ooranies	Defunct Bore well Recharge	Recharge Shaft	Rooftop RWH	Hydro Fracturing	Total
162	2	74			4	1		30		273

Groundwater Potential as on March 2011 (as per CGWB):

Net Groundwater Availability (in MCM)	1498.28
Existing Gross Groundwater draft for all users (in MCM)	1539.35
Stage of Groundwater development (in %)	103%
Categorization of District	Over Exploited

Categorization of Firkas:

The status of Categorization of firkas as of 2017 for the District in is shown below.

Categorisation based on Extraction (as on 2017)	No. of Firkas	Firkas
Over Exploited (>100%)	18	Anniyur, Avalurpettai, Brammadesam, Gingee, Kanjanur, Kiliyanur, Marakkanam, Melmalaiyanur, Melolakkur, Nemili, Sathampatti, Sathiyamangalam, Siruvadi, Sithalampattu, Tindivanam, Uppuvelur, Vallam, Villupuram.
Critical (90%-100%)	3	Arasur, Sithalingamadam, Olakkur
Semi Critical (70%-90%)	7	Avanipur, Kanai, Kandamangalam, Mailam, Mugaiyur, T.V. Nallur, Vanur
Safe (<70%)	5	Aragandanallur, Deevanur, Rettanai, Valavanur, Vickravandi
Others (Poor& Saline)	-
Total	33

Water supply status as on 1.4.2021

Rural Habitations

Total No. of Rural Habitations: 2286

Partially covered	393 (10-39 lpcd )
Fully covered	1893(40 lpcd and above)

Urban Towns ( Water supply status - 1.4.2019)

S.No	Name of Towns	Population	Present water supply level LPCD
Municipalities
1	Villupuram	96253	71
2	Thindivanam	72796	56
3	Kallakurichi	52507	76
Town Panchayats
1	Ulundurpettai	23734	70
2	Thiruvennainallur	9623	72
3	Vickravandi	12022	72
4	Vadakkananthal	23034	74
5	Manalurpettai	8523	70
6	Thirukovilur	30212	70
7	Kottakuppam	31726	136
8	Thiagadurgam	18605	70
9	Sankarapuram	15664	70
10	Valavanur	16745	70
11	Ananthapuram	6892	70
12	Gingee	27045	70
13	Arakandanallur	5713	75
14	Chinnasalem	25106	70
15	Marakkanam	22034	74