Virudhunagar District Profile
- Virudhunagar district is located in the South Western part of Tamil Nadu bounded by Ramanathapuram district in the East, Kerala State in the West, Madurai, Theni districts in the North and Tirunelveli and Thoothukkudi Districts in the South.
- The District lies between 9º12'N to 9º47'N Latitude, 77º 23'E to 78º 25'E Longitude and has an areal extent of 4283 sq.km.
- There are 11 Blocks, 450 Villages and 1924 Habitations in the District.
Physiography and Drainage
- The District is divided into two distinct regions (viz) (i) the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats in Srivilliputhur and Rajapalayam taluks with undulations and (ii) eastern plains.
- The Western Ghats occur as a series of parallel ridges running in an NE – SW directions and the eastern plain region is a flat terrain with isolated hillocks around Aruppukottai and Sattur.
- The area falls in two major river basins namely Vaippar and Gundar.
- River Vaippar originates from the Echamalai Mottai near Sivagiri in Tirunelveli District and flows in the easterly and southeasterly direction before it debouches into Gulf of Mannar.
- The river has a number of tributaries of which Arjuna Nadi is an important one.
Rainfall:
The average annual rainfall and the 5 years rainfall collected from IMD, Chennai is as follows:
Acutal Rainfall in mm | Normal Rainfall in mm | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
617.40 | 648.50 | 879.0 | 375.3 | 800 | 759.5 | 820.1 |
Geology:
Rock Type | Geological Formation | ||||
Sedimentary Rock 90%,Hard Rock 10% | ChGneiss, Charnockite, Quatrzite,Pegamatite, Laterite, Sandstone and Alluvium |
Hydrogeology:
Type of Aquifer | Unconfined to Semi confined conditions | ||
---|---|---|---|
Aquifer parameters | Hard rock | River Alluvium | |
Well yield in lpm | 40 - 110 | 200 - 400 | |
Transmissivity (T)m2/day | 0.224 - 0.6 | 14.91 - 671.14 | |
Permeability (K)(m/day)) | 0.049 - 0.147 | 19.57 - 83.17 | |
Depth of Water level | 7 m to 18m | ||
Sustainability:
With a view to enhancing the Sustainability of the drinking water sources, recharge structures are being implemented by TWAD Board under various State and Central Government assistance.
The Recharge Structures implemented so far is as under.
Recharge Structures | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Check Dam | Percolation Pond | Recharge Pit | Recharge Trench | Others | Ooranies | Defunct Bore well Recharge | Recharge Shaft | Rooftop RWH | Hydro Fracturing | Total |
351 | 18 | 369 |
Groundwater Potential as on March 2011 (as per CGWB):
Net Groundwater Availability (in MCM) | 495.19 |
Existing Gross Groundwater draft for all users (in MCM) | 341.86 |
Stage of Groundwater development (in %) | 69% |
Categorization of District | Safe |
Categorization of Firkas:
The status of Categorization of Firkas as of March 2013 for the District is shown below.
Categorisation based on Extraction (as on March 2013) | No. of Firkas | Firkas |
---|---|---|
Over Exploited (>100%) | 5 | Cholapuram (V), Keelarajakularaman, Nathampatti, Ethirkottai, Vatchakara- Patti. |
Critical (90%-100%) | 4 | Mallankinar, Mangalam, Salwarpatti, Vatchakara- Patti . |
Semi Critical (70%-90%) | 11 | Amathur, Iyankollankondan, Kottaiyur, Malli, Nalli, Rajapalayam Ondipulinaickanur, Srivilliputtur, Watrap, Elayiran-Pannai, Sivakasi |
Safe (<70%) | 16 | A.Mukkulam, Aruppukottai, Kalkuruchi, Kariapatti, Mudukkan-kulam, Narikudi, Nenmeni, Palayamapatti, Pandalkudi, Paralatchi, Sattur, Seithur, Thiruchuli, Veeracholan, Virudhunagar, Mandapasalai. |
Others (Poor& Saline) | - | |
Total | 36 |
Water supply status as on 1.4.2018
Rural Habitations
Total No. of Rural Habitations: 1924
Partially covered | 728(10-39 lpcd ) |
Fully covered | 1196 (40 lpcd and above) |
Urban Towns ( Water supply status - 1.7.2019)
S.No | Name of Towns | Population | Present water supply level LPCD |
---|---|---|---|
Municipalities | |||
1 | Sivakasi | 71040 | 48 |
2 | Rajapalayam | 130442 | 42 |
3 | Sathur | 29398 | 64 |
4 | Srivilliputhur | 75396 | 44 |
5 | Virudhunagar | 72296 | 59 |
6 | Aruppukkottai | 87722 | 46 |
7 | Thiruthangal | 55362 | 43 |
Town Panchayats | |||
1 | Chettiyarpatti | 17520 | 23 |
2 | Mallankinaru | 12986 | 47 |
3 | Vathiraruppu | 16784 | 41 |
4 | Sundarapandiyam | 8513 | 108 |
5 | Kariyapatti | 18191 | 49 |
6 | V.Pudupatti | 8316 | 43 |
7 | Seithur | 20228 | 33 |
8 | S.Kodikulam | 12713 | 34 |
9 | Mamsapuram | 18635 | 55 |
Ground Water Level:
The Ground Water levels from the 60 number of observation wells of TWAD have been analysed for Post-Monsoon and Pre-Monsoon. 5 years average Ground water level in m Below Ground Level for pre and post monsoon is as follows:
Jan |
May |
Jan |
May |
Jan |
May |
Jan |
May |
Jan |
May |
Jan 2018 |
May 2018 |
Jan 2019 |
May 2019 |
5 Years |
5Years |
7.80 |
13.12 |
12.70 |
11.50 |
9.35 |
9.60 |
4.98 |
7.38 |
10.84 |
11.5 |
5.0 | 10.4 | 5.3 | 8.2 |
8.0 |
10.2 |